Jatropha(carcus) in pakistan

 Jatropha curcas seeds is used for making biodiesel fuel in Philippines and in Brazil, where it grows naturally and in plantations in the Southeast, and the North/Northeast Brazil. Likewise, jatropha oil is being promoted as an easily grown biofuel crop in hundreds of projects throughout India and other developing countries. Large plantings and nurseries have been undertaken in India by many research institutions, and by women's self-help groups who use a system of microcredit to ease poverty among semi-literate Indian women. The railway line between Mumbai and Delhi is planted with Jatropha and the train itself runs on 15-20% biodiesel In Africa, cultivation of Jatropha is being promoted and it is grown successfully in countries such as Mali.^] In the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, where also a native variety (Jatropha matacensis) grows, studies have shown suitability of Jatropha cultivation and agro producers are starting to consider planting in the region

Jatropha is a genus of approximately 175 succulent plants, shrubs and trees (some are deciduous, like Jatropha curcas), from the family Euphorbiaceous. The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician," and τροφή (trophe), meaning "nutrition," hence the common name physic nut. Mature plants produce separate male and female flowers. As with many members of the family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic.

In 2007 Goldman Sachs cited Jatropha curcas as one of the best candidates for future biodiesel production. It is resistant to drought and pests,and roduces seeds containing 27-40% oil, averaging 34.4% The remaining press cake of jatropha seeds after oil extraction could also be considered for energy production. However, despite their abundance and use as oil and reclamation plants, none of the Jatropha species have been properly domesticated and, as a result, their productivity is variable, and the long-term impact of their large-scale use on soil quality and the environment is unknown. Igbinosa and colleagues (2009) demonstrated potential broad spectrum antimicrobial activity of J. curcas

Jatropha Curcas plants are available Price FOB LAHORE PAKISTAN Rs: 20 Per Plant. Size 6 To 8 inches.3 Month old. Jatropha Curcas quickly establishes itself and will produce seeds round the year if irrigated. Jatropha Curcas is resistant to drought and can be planted even in the desert climates, and it thrives on any type of soil, grows almost anywhere; in sandy, gravelly and saline soils. Approximately 31 to 37 % of oil extracted from the Jatropha Curcas seed. It can be used for any diesel engine 20 % without modification.
 

Build a Solar cooker

Solar cooker are used in a lot of developing countries where fuel is in short supply but where there is abundant sunshine.

Even in the UK,the amount of energy reaching each square metre of the  ground can reach 4.5 to 5kWh per square meter per day in july.there is enough energy to heat the water for a large hot bath.this energy can also be captured and concentrated by a solar cooker.

There are many solar cooker designs,but this is one of the simple and most popular.In fact it is so simple that people sometimes forget that temperature inside it can reach over 100 degree C,so make sure that you wear oven gloves when handling it.it is also a good idea  to wear sun glasses as there can be a lot of glare from the reflective surfaces:

Building your own Solar cooker:

1.Before you start paint the inside of your baking tin with the matt black metal paint and allow it to dry.

2.The solar energy funnel: using a large pair of scissors or a craft knife,cut two sets of cardboard panels to the  any dimension you want regrading size

3.lay out the panels as they are going to be assembled and using a small piece of cardboard.spread the thin layer of PVA glue over the surface of one the panels which will form the reflective surface

4. carefully lay sheet of tin foil onto the glue and smooth them down.try not to tear the tin foil and make sure that the shiny side is facing upward.

5.Repeat for the other panels.

6.When all of the panels have been coated on one side with tin foil assemble them into a funnel shape with the tin foil on the inside of the funnel join them together with the duct tape to maka a solar energy funnel show in the picture above.

THE COOKING BOX:

1.Stand your solar energy funnel upright in a photocopier paper box.

2.When the box and funnel are lined up straight,duct tape the box in position you may also want to tape up any holes in the box

3.Fill the box with shredder paper or cardboard to act as insulation but leave enough space to fit the foil baking container

4.Place the baking container in position and wedge it in the place with the pieces of cardboard

5.When the baking container is in position the toughened glass sheet should rest on top try to minimize any air gaps as the cooker will lose heat through these.

YOUR SOLAR COOKER IS READY FOR TESTING:

TESTING:
1.Your cooker will work best on a warm day to get it working angle it towards the sun and just wait you may have to use a few stones and what ever else is to hand to achieve the correct angle don't look at the sun while you are doing this.

2.Place an oven thermometer in the baking container and take temperature readings at regular time intervals be care full as you do this because the inside of the cooker will be hot and their may be considerable glare from the reflective surface of the funnel a much more comfortable way to do this is with the data logger and temperature prober

3.The cooker should be taken through the cooking cycle at least two or three time before food is put in it to bake off any impurities when food is placed in the cooker it should be held in a clean heat- proof  container and not place directly into the painted foil baking container 

The use of oven bags is recommended.

Your Solar cooker is ready..go green

Lets Go Green With ReDuce ReUse and ReCycle:

The methode of Tripple R(Reduce,Reuse,and Recycle) is applying slowly slowly to the all continents of our planet earth.As the Tripple R indicates  by the name that we should Reduce Reuse and Recycle our waste,Waste does not means any specific waste materials but covering all types of waste materials from paper to a small pin.

There are many companies which introduces cleaner technologies for the recycling of our daily life waste.

This planet is a Blessing for us we should care about it.As our world is rich in resources we should utilize these resources in a convenient way.

As we see in our daily life that people really dont care when they eat something and throw the rest of the thing anywhere that shows no interst for the nature and this planet where they are living working and having fun.we should teach peole get them aware that thier waste can be turn into gold for them self and for other peoples living in the same planet.

We should use diffrent methods to teach people about how this waste can be managed can be treated and turned into for usefull aspects in our daily life.

We have to make some steps for the sustainable development as our natural resources are decreasing day by day.